Neuroimaging techniques have been increasingly used in research over the past couple of decades to try to better understand brain function and structure and how it relates to important outcomes of interest. Insights from the brain from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy can be used to advance questions in clinical, developmental, cognitive, affective, and social contexts. Although examining the brain is not without its limitations, neuroimaging can be a powerful tool to gain access to information that is difficult or impossible to assess with other measures. This Editorial will focus on some examples of neuroimaging methods that have helped advance research questions with the hope that they inspire new interdisciplinary and multimethodological collaborations within the JAMA Pediatrics community.
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