This survey study estimated the prevalence of diagnosed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in US children and adolescents using nationally representative data from the 2022 to 2023 National Survey of Children’s Health.
Read MoreTo the Editor We read with interest the article by Kleidon et al, for which the authors should be commended. While ultrasound guidance (USG) was associated with an increase in pediatric peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) first-attempt success rates in this sample, the generalizability of these results to the pediatric community at large is questionable.
Read MoreIn Reply We thank Dooley et al for their interest in our pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Our trial demonstrated the superiority of ultrasound-guided (USG) to standard (palpation and visualization) technique for first-time peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion success in hospitalized pediatric patients both overall and across all predefined risk categories.
Read MoreThis cohort study evaluates which prolonged symptoms in early childhood are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Read MoreTo the Editor In their Research Letter, Wolf et al described the recent increase in sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) in the United States between 2020 and 2022. The spike in SUID rates with an increase of nearly 12% after 3 decades of either decreasing or stable mortality rates is worrisome. The authors suggest infections such as COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses, maternal opioid use, and changes in sleep-related factors as potential explanations. The abrupt increase does indeed point to external causes such as infections. Changes in sleep-related factors, on the other hand, seem less likely to have caused these swift changes. Sleep-related factors such as infant sleep position have remained fairly stable throughout the last decades. For example, a study investigating the preva...
Read MoreIn Reply We thank Müller-Nordhorn et al for their interest in our article and in the recent increase in rates of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). They correctly note that data from the National Survey of Children’s Health demonstrate no significant changes in self-reported sleep position (ie, supine vs nonsupine) between 2016 and 2022. However, that survey does not collect data on bed sharing, which appears to be causally related to SUID.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses the standard treatment for childhood obesity and advocates a more evidence-based approach to prevent the development of severe comorbidities in children who have obesity.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes the symptoms of long COVID in children.
Read MoreIn the Research Letter titled “US Children Living With a Parent With Substance Use Disorder,” which was published online on May 12, 2025, the Table title and headings were incorrect. The Table title should be “Estimates of US Adults With DSM-5–Defined SUD and Children Living With a Parent With SUD” and the column subheadings should be “US adults with SUD” and “US children living with a parent with SUD.” This article has been corrected online.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreIn Reply We sincerely appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter by Al-Abdi and Al-Aamri regarding our publication about intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates. Their recognition of the importance of ensuring the accuracy and integrity of our research is deeply appreciated. In this response, we aim to address their concerns and provide clarification regarding our methodology and findings.
Read MoreThis prognostic study evaluates the predictive performance of combining genetic variants and developmental milestones to predict intellectual disability in autistic children.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study describes self-harm rates from 2005 to 2021 among US youth by age group, sex, and race and ethnicity.
Read MoreThis survey study estimates the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents according to gender identity.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes how parents can help their children build media literacy skills to recognize online misinformation.
Read MoreThis study evaluates the impact of CommunityRx, a low-intensity, high-scale social care assistance intervention.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines the patterns of topical antibiotics dispensation to commercially insured school-aged children with acute infectious conjunctivitis.
Read MoreThis survey study evaluates trends in the mental and physical health among US youths from 2016 to 2022.
Read MoreTo the Editor We want to congratulate Nagy et al on publishing their recent article. However, we want to draw attention to several significant concerns. The authors excluded 2 studies from our 2014 meta-analysis, although these studies met their stated inclusion criteria. They also assert the inclusion of 5 studies not used in our 2014 meta-analysis; however, we acknowledge that we inadvertently omitted only 2. Notably, 1 of the studies omitted by us revealed that 10 of 25 cases (40.0%) of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) occurred within the first 6 hours of life (HOL). Nevertheless, the upper limit of the 95% CI for the rate of IVH within the first 6 HOL years before 2007, as indicated in the meta-analysis conducted by Nagy et al, corresponds to our estimated rate of 48%.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study estimates the association between change in neonatal intensive care unit capacity and neonatal mortality across 246 neonatal intensive care regions in the US from 1991-2020.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint outlines some of the challenges of protecting human participants in multisite studies with a single institutional review board and recommends the development of increased guidance to protect participants.
Read MoreFor health-promoting behaviors that may not provide proximal benefits on their own, financial incentives and other contingency management approaches can support engagement and habit formation by providing near-term, tangible rewards for behavior change. The study by Kenyon et al in this issue of JAMA Pediatrics evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile health intervention enhanced with financial incentives for children with high-risk asthma. Strengths of this study include a focus on a racially minoritized population, the use of robust and digital behavior monitoring and payment platforms, and the inclusion of a follow-up period to assess sustained effectiveness. The multicomponent intervention with financial incentives resulted in a 15–percentage point improvement in inhaled medication use....
Read MoreFrom the standpoint of articles we published, 2024 represents the first post-COVID year for JAMA Pediatrics. Articles related to COVID—its direct and indirect effects—now represent a small fraction of the science we disseminate.
Read MoreThis cohort study evaluates the FDA approval status of cardiac valve devices implanted in pediatric patients.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines age-specific trends in firearm violence among children and adults in the US after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Read MoreWe sincerely thank the 888 peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for JAMA Pediatrics in 2024.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes what parents should understand about their children’s growth.
Read MoreThis cohort study examines incident and subsequent health care visits associated with traumatic brain injury and stratified by social determinants of health.
Read MoreThis cohort study assesses the protection provided by live attenuated viral vaccines among a pediatric population of solid organ transplant recipients 1 year after vaccination.
Read MoreTo the Editor Doyle et al conducted a meta-regression to analyze the association of cerebral palsy (CP) with postnatal corticosteroids administered to premature infants. Their findings suggest that dexamethasone may be beneficial for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) but continue to caution its use due to an apparent association with CP in follow-up studies. However, model performance measures for these results were unreported. We conducted similar research using robust statistical methods that included multivariable meta-regression using the Sidik-Jonkman estimator and Knapp-Hartung adjustment, along with permutation tests using 10 000 iterations. We concluded that dexamethasone was effective for preventing BPD without a significant increase in CP. However, both analyses incurre...
Read MoreTo the Editor In their recent article, Doyle et al describe the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), postnatal corticosteroid treatment (in particular dexamethasone), and cerebral palsy (CP). For several decades, these are all subjects that neonatologists have to consider and discuss with parents on a daily basis during treatment of these vulnerable patients.
Read MoreIn Reply We thank Groenendaal and Raghuveer and Zackula for their interest in our article. We agree with Groenendaal that the different types of cerebral palsy (CP) have different pathologies, and we support his call that the types of CP should be reported in more detail in future publications of neonatal neurodevelopment. It was not possible to consider the different types of CP in this article because such details had not been reported in all of the 26 studies that we included. Groenendaal also suggests that dexamethasone is unlikely to be associated with unilateral CP caused by severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and unilateral venous infarction because such pathology occurs shortly after birth. However, it should be noted that 6 of the 26 studies included in our article started tr...
Read MoreThis cohort study compares surgical site infection outcomes between children undergoing cholecystectomy who received prophylaxis and those who did not.
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial investigates if hypothermia initiated at less than 6 hours after birth reduces the probability of death or disability at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age in infants 33 to 35 weeks’ gestation with neonatal encephalopathy due to hypoxia ischemia.
Read MoreThis viewpoint explores the evidence behind recommendations for low-fat dairy consumption in children.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThe Research Letter titled “Adolescent Smartphone Use During School Hours,” published on February 3, 2025, was corrected to fix an error in Table 1. A row with a category label, “Parents with a bachelor’s degree or higher,” was missing. This article was corrected online.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses Osgood-Schlatter disease, a common overuse injury of the knee, in active children.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines temporal trends and disparities in specific causes of infant death in the US from 1999 to 2022.
Read MoreTo the Editor We read with interest the article by Beets et al, which highlights the benefits of summer day camps for children, including opportunities for physical activity, social interaction, and educational engagement. However, it is important to remember that access to these programs is not universal. For children in low-income households, financial barriers often make summer programs inaccessible, which may leave them in sedentary home environments with excessive screen time and limited access to nutritious food. Studies reveal that lower-income neighborhoods have a higher prevalence of fast food outlets, contributing to worse dietary habits during summer breaks and impacting children’s overall health.
Read MoreThis study evaluates the comparative effectiveness of cyclophosphamide vs calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus or cyclosporine) for childhood nephrotic syndrome relapse prevention.
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial compares first-time success of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion using ultrasound guidance vs standard technique (palpation and visualization) in a pediatric population in Australia.
Read MoreThis systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the psychosocial variables most strongly associated with condom use among US adolescents.
Read MoreThe dual goals of childhood obesity treatment are to reduce weight and comorbidities that occur with obesity during childhood and prevent adult obesity and associated diseases. While research has clearly shown that reducing obesity during childhood improves short-term cardiometabolic outcomes, there is no research to indicate whether treating obesity during childhood and adolescence alters the trajectory of the development of cardiometabolic disease into young adulthood. The article by Putri and colleagues provides evidence for reduction of risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, bariatric surgery, and mortality at ages 18 to 30 years, based on the amount of weight change after at least 1 year of treatment in 6- to 17-year-old youth. The study included a very large sample of 6...
Read MoreThe most common infectious cause of life-long disability in newborns is congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. The birth prevalence of cCMV is highly variable globally and is directly proportional to the maternal seroprevalence in the population being examined. The birth prevalence of cCMV is reported to be 0.36% to 2.45% in the US and 0.42% to 0.55% in Canada. Fetal infection with CMV, particularly infection occurring in the first trimester, can injure the developing brain, leading to neuronal migration defects, microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, and other manifestations of end organ damage. A wide range of attendant neurological and neurodevelopmental disabilities can ensue, including cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, developmental delay, visual impairment, and autism spec...
Read MoreTo the Editor We read with interest the data-linkage article by Blaabæk et al looking at associations between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) before age 10 years and involvement in criminal justice between ages 15 and 20 years. They report an increased risk of crime in children with mTBI, with this effect becoming nonsignificant after comparing mTBI-exposed and nonexposed siblings or twins, suggesting other social, environmental, or genetic causation. We have concerns about their conclusion that childhood mTBI histories should be viewed as predictive and not causally contributing to adolescent criminal behavior and that this finding should influence policy.
Read MoreThis systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the time of onset for intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates and incidence rates through time.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses factors that play a role in the low rate of lipid screening in children, including a lack of compelling evidence, disagreement with recommendations, and concerns for overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses children’s ability to learn and use multiple languages.
Read MoreThe Original Investigation titled “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Burden and Nirsevimab Effectiveness in Young Children From 2023-2024,” published Online First on December 9, 2024, had errors in 2 percentages in Table 1 and in the title of Figure 1. In addition, the byline included an incorrect degree for 1 author, and the affiliations were inaccurate for 3 authors. This article was corrected online.
Read MoreThis quality improvement study tracks the proportion of linguistically diverse caregivers of pediatric patients who completed a study on engagement with social resources.
Read MoreTo the Editor I must begin this letter by expressing my deep admiration for the authors of the Editorial entitled “Promoting Child Health by Protecting the Patient-Clinician Relationship from Politics.” They are some of the greats of our field.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis review offers a framework for Medicaid programs to broadly assess cell and gene therapies, evaluate payment options, and ensure equitable access.
Read MoreTo the Editor Aris et al found that poorer household income and neighborhood food access were associated with a higher risk of obesity in children and adolescents. This highlights a crucial health care issue. Therefore, we believe this topic warrants further investigation.
Read MoreIn Reply We thank Chiang and Tsai for their interest in our study. They highlighted several factors potentially underlying our observation that residence in low-income, low–food access neighborhoods was associated with higher risk of obesity in children and adolescents, which they proposed be investigated further. We address these concerns below.
Read MoreTo the Editor We were excited to see the recent patient-facing publication entitled “What Teens Should Know About Choosing Contraception” by Gray and Thompson. Adolescent patients vitally need information about contraception given the patchwork of sex education policies and quality of information provided throughout the US. Pediatricians providing reproductive health care is essential now more than ever given the changing landscape of reproductive health care access nationally. Importantly, this piece highlighted the importance of “contraceptive services that respect [adolescents’] autonomy.” However, by presenting methods based primarily on efficacy, an opportunity was missed to address and normalize other priorities that adolescents may have when choosing contraception and to focus on pa...
Read MoreIn Reply We appreciate Wilkinson et al articulating the need for patient-centric contraception in response to the content of our article, “What Teens Should Know About Choosing Contraception.” We agree, as our article notes, that there are many benefits and side effects of birth control beyond reducing the chance of pregnancy that an adolescent should consider. We support patient-centered care in which the physician-patient relationship considers the whole person in a way that helps adolescents decide what method of contraception best fits their needs. As adolescent care evolves and evidence-based medicine will continue to improve the autonomy of emerging adults, we believe that contraception choice must include a multifaceted approach to provide excellent clinical options and support the ...
Read MoreThis study assesses whether the 2017 Philadelphia beverage tax was associated with changes in pediatric weight outcomes.
Read MoreThis Narrative Review discusses the need for authors to provide a clear operational definition as well as the choice of initialisms used when communicating about individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint advocates for more careful consideration of families and children in policymaking surrounding naloxone coprescribing or accessibility.
Read MoreBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic respiratory illness that develops in over half of infants born extremely premature. BPD predisposes affected infants to earlier mortality and deficits in cardiopulmonary health, neurodevelopment, and quality of life that can persist through childhood and into adulthood. Systemic corticosteroids are one of the few drugs shown in randomized clinical trials or meta-analyses to significantly reduce the risk of developing BPD. However, use of these potent medications in neonatology is highly controversial due in part to concerns regarding drug safety.
Read MoreIn the Research Letter titled “Pediatric Exclusivity for Cancer Drugs,” published online on November 11, 2024, there were errors in the Results section and Table. The standard deviation for the cost of investment per trial should be 11 instead of 4, and the standard deviation for the cost of investment per exclusivity should be 12 instead of 4. The revenue from exclusivity should be $1237 million instead of $1236 million. In the sensitivity analyses, the revenue range should have appeared as $228 million to $400 million instead of $259 million to $454 million. In the estimated revenue column in the Table, 416 should be 389, 48 should be 42, and 875 should be 741. This article has been corrected.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid poisoning or overdose.
Read MoreThe global prevalence of obesity in school-aged children and adolescents quadrupled from 1990 to 2022. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars and robust evidence links the consumption of SSBs to obesity and its complications. Policymakers around the globe search for strategies to tackle obesity and taxes on SSBs are implemented in many countries for this purpose. However, less than a handful of studies have analyzed the effects of beverage taxes on the prevalence of obesity and results have been modest, at best. In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Gregory et al present data on pediatric weight outcomes in children living in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after introducing the Philadelphia beverage tax in 2017 on both SSBs and artificially sweetened beverages. The au...
Read MoreThis cohort study examines the associations of zip code–level right-to-counsel access with risk of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, among infants born to Medicaid-insured birthing parents in New York, New York.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses the shortage of penicillin G benzathine during a surge in congenital syphilis cases in the US.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis study investigates the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes and includes all available literature up to March 10, 2024.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes what parents should know about crying in infants.
Read MoreCannabis use during pregnancy is increasingly common. In this issue, Keim and colleagues find that prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with objectively measured deficits in the executive functions of attention and inhibitory control and with increased observed aggression at age 5 years. PCE was not significantly associated with overall global cognitive ability or other objective measures of executive function and was not associated with any caregiver report of cognition or behavior. The study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 and included 250 mother-child dyads with most study participants living in poverty. The study’s multiple strengths, such as the prospective assessment of cannabis use, objective measurement of child outcomes by standardized testing conducted by blinded as...
Read MoreTo the Editor I am writing in response to the article by Sotiropoulos et al. The authors present a compelling analysis indicating that high initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2; ≥0.90) may reduce mortality in preterm infants compared to low (≤0.3) or intermediate (0.5-0.65) FiO2.
Read MoreIn Reply We thank Bhurawala for their comments regarding heterogeneity in the Network Meta-Analysis of Trials of Initial Oxygen in Preterm Newborns (NETMOTION) study. Their letter highlights the importance of examining potential sources of heterogeneity when considering the clinical implications of the finding that high initial fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) may reduce mortality in preterm infants compared to low or intermediate levels.
Read MoreThis study prospectively investigates the association of prenatal cannabis exposure with executive function and aggressive behavior at age 5 years.
Read MoreThis cohort study examines how harsh and warm parenting during early, middle, and late childhood are associated with brain architecture during adolescence and, in turn, psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Read MoreTo the Editor Gross et al compared meal replacement therapy with and without financial incentives to address severe obesity in adolescents. While researchers achieved their objective of more weight loss among participants with financial incentives, we wish to address several aspects of this study.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study estimates the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children meeting the World Health Organization movement behavior guidelines across 33 countries.
Read MoreThis cohort study examines population data for Denmark to determine any associations between childhood mild traumatic brain injury (occurring before age 10 years) and criminal charges and convictions at ages 15 to 20 years.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study uses data from the Massachusetts All Payer Claims Database to determine associations between Massachusetts Medicaid ACO implementation in March 2018 and changes in care quality and use for children with asthma.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint advocates for a more expansive child tax credit by exploring existing research on the credit and health outcomes.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines trends in location of death among pediatric patients with cancer in the US.
Read MoreValue-based care is a health care delivery model in which practitioner payment is based on measures of health care quality, practitioner performance, and patient experience. Accountable care organizations (ACOs), which aim to improve quality and reduce cost through population health management and value-based payment arrangements, are one of the most widespread health care reform models in the US. Although ACO development and innovation have mainly focused on older adults insured by Medicare, 14 states have now implemented Medicaid ACOs that serve both adults and children. As ACOs continue to expand, there is a growing need to understand how these care and payment models can best promote child health and account for children’s distinct health care needs, particularly for the nearly 40% of ...
Read MoreThis cohort study examines whether there is an association between paternal age and Down syndrome in offspring.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood lymphoma.
Read MoreThe Special Communication titled “Whole-of-Life Inclusion in Bayesian Adaptive Platform Clinical Trials,” published on August 19, 2024, was corrected to fix the author order in the byline and add missing funding sources. This article was corrected online.
Read MoreThe Original Investigation titled “Early-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger,” published on August 12, 2024, was corrected to fix an error in the Results section of the Abstract. “Corresponding to 1.15 hours per day” was updated to “corresponding to 1.22 hours per day.” The article was corrected online.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreAhrens and colleagues evaluated the impact of New York state’s paid family leave law, enacted in 2018, on the frequency of acute care encounters for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among young infants. Using acute care encounter data from 2015 to 2020, the study compared changes in New York with those in 4 New England states—Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine. The study found a significant reduction in RTI encounters (18%) and RSV encounters (27%) in New York relative to comparator states. The authors attribute this decrease primarily to reduced transmission in out-of-home childcare settings following the law’s implementation.
Read MoreThis cohort study evaluates parental stress and protective factors mitigating risks for child maltreatment in the context of intimate partner violence.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study describes gender differences in adolescent school climate, health, and social supports, including who depressed or anxious youth seek help from.
Read MoreTo the Editor We read with great interest the article by Handley and colleagues, which discussed the safe and equitable use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric care. The authors timely and insightfully discussed the path of AI’s integration into pediatric clinical settings. We thought highly of their emphasis on engaging end users and stakeholders, which ensures algorithm evaluation and implements robust monitoring strategies. However, we believe that there is still room for a more in-depth consideration of data privacy and security, which is a crucial aspect that warrants specific attention when addressing AI in pediatrics.
Read MoreIn Reply We appreciate Wu and Lin’s comments regarding our article. They highlight important data privacy and security concerns regarding safe and equitable use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric care. We agree pediatric patients are a vulnerable population distinctly different from adult patients and require unique data privacy and security considerations. Further, pediatric patients may not understand AI algorithm development and its effect on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. The principle of autonomy refers to the notion that patients deserve to assess their treatment options and may forgo or choose a treatment. With pediatric patients’ limited capacity to consent, additional ethical burden must be placed on clinicians and guardians in design and evaluation of AI solutions, ...
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial investigates how self-reported symptoms of depression, eating disorders, and binge eating change for adolescents with obesity during an intensive behavioral intervention.
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial of adolescents with obesity assesses whether intermittent energy restriction compared with continuous energy restriction leads to a lower body mass index z score and improved body composition and cardiometabolic profile.
Read MoreThis cohort study of US live births investigates whether maternal obesity is a risk factor for sudden unexpected infant death.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses the benefits and impediments of drug repurposing in the US and how the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act may serve as a successful legislative model to stimulate greater drug repurposing.
Read MoreThis study examines the association between exposure to ultraprocessed foods at home and children’s attentional bias for those foods.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines the association of health care facility type with clinician recommendations for and adolescent uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the US.
Read MoreTo the Editor It was with great interest and appreciation that we read the article by Schwartz et al, which reported that functional outcomes and, thus, the response to treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) were significantly better in the newborn screening cohort than in the unscreened clinical symptom onset group. However, this study had some limitations.
Read MoreIn Reply We appreciate the comments from Cheng and Hsu regarding our study on the clinical effectiveness of newborn screening (NBS) for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Their observations bring valuable perspectives that merit further discussion.
Read MoreThis cohort study investigates patterns of buprenorphine treatment retention among US youth aged 10 to 18 years from 2015 to 2021.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes what teens should consider when choosing contraception methods.
Read MoreOverweight and obesity affect more than 50% of women of reproductive age in the US and are associated with many adverse outcomes during and after pregnancy, for both mother and offspring. In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Tanner et al reported the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) according to maternal weight status in a large national database. They found that the infants of mothers with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) in the obesity categories (ie, BMI ≥30; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were at higher risk of SUID in the first year of life, with an apparent dose-response association. Although this is not totally surprising given the many adverse outcomes in pregnancy and in early life for offspring of pregnant individuals living wit...
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis cohort study investigates if messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccination is associated with an increased risk for major structural birth defects among live-born infants.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes autism screening for children and how to access therapies.
Read MoreIn the Viewpoint titled “Reducing WIC Administrative Burdens to Promote Health Equity,” published online February 12, 2024, and in the April 2024 issue, Dr Agyapong’s affiliation should have been listed as “Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas.” This article has been corrected online.
Read MoreFor more than 20 years, laws applying targeted restrictions on abortion providers (TRAP laws) have impeded Texans from fully exercising their human right to control their own reproduction. Prior to 2016, these laws were largely passed under the guise of protecting women’s health. Legislators claimed that laws requiring waiting periods, forced ultrasounds, hospital admitting privileges for physicians providing abortion care, or wider hallways in clinics improved the safety of abortion care. However, in the 2016 US Supreme Court decision Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt, justices concluded that TRAP laws purported to improve abortion safety did not actually do so. Thus, TRAP laws could no longer pass the undue burden test set forth by Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Casey...
Read MoreYou open the email from your hospital infection preventionist with dread. “This email is to alert you that we have identified an infection in a patient in the neonatal intensive care unit. E coli was isolated from…this infection was reviewed by the Infection Prevention committee and determined to not meet criteria for CLABSI.” Those of us in hospital leadership positions have all been there. First the relief: phew, it’s not a central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Then the guilt: after all, it is still an infection that mattered a great deal to the infant.
Read MoreFor decades, neonatologists have grappled with defining the optimal approach to providing oxygen to preterm newborns in the delivery room. The recommendations for term newborns are more clear. Since 2010, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) has recommended initiating resuscitation with 0.21 fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) rather than 1.0 Fio2 (pure oxygen) because of increased mortality rates associated with exposure to pure oxygen. However, the “oxygen dilemma” persists for resuscitation of preterm infants. Most preterm infants require supplemental oxygen during postnatal transition, but they are also particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury to developing organs. Acknowledging this delicate balance, the ILCOR recommends an initial low Fio2 (0.21-0.30) for de...
Read MoreTo the Editor As Cavve et al note, there is a paucity of research looking at longer-term gender identity development in adolescents who have received hormonal interventions. This article, therefore, is extremely important. The authors are to be commended for their (successful) attempt to follow up the treatment courses for young people receiving hormonal interventions, and for their recognition that experiences of birth sex reidentification and treatment cessation exist and should be formally studied. Another laudable point they recognize is that gender identity trajectories can change over time, and that such change, including what the authors term reidentification with birth sex, is not necessarily a negative experience. The reidentification term may be a useful one to add to a growing l...
Read MoreWe read with interest the article from Cavve et al, which audited 548 closed cases from a specialist pediatric gender clinic in Western Australia between 2014 and 2020.
Read MoreIn Reply We appreciate the correspondence of Wright and colleagues and McDeavitt in response to our recent article. McDeavitt’s letter emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care, as practiced at the Child and Adolescent Health Service Gender Diversity Service (GDS) and favorably contrasts GDS procedure with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care 8 (SOC 8) and assumed requirements of “pediatric gender medicine clinics in North America.”
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines differential changes in participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children during pregnancy across demographic groups, following the transition to electronic benefit transfer.
Read MoreTo the Editor We read with great interest the article by Michelson et al, which concluded that higher pediatric volume in the emergency department (ED) was associated with lower rates of delayed diagnosis in various diseases. The study highlights the challenges in children’s health care in low-volume EDs.
Read MoreIn Reply We appreciate the criticisms raised by Tsai and Ma. We believe their concerns do not substantively impact our findings. Higher volume is clearly associated with improved patient outcomes, but prior to our study, that association had not clearly been extended to diagnostic quality. Emergency department (ED) volume is a marker of clinical experience, which itself is related to expertise. Experience and expertise matter in diagnostic quality. Experience and expertise are difficult to measure directly, but both attributes are associated with patient volume; clinician background; patient population; setting; hospital resources; such as the presence of inpatient beds that support pediatric care; and more. That is, those nonvolume factors mediate, not confound (as proposed by Tsai and Ma...
Read MoreThis cohort study examines the associations of various patterns of childhood adversities with children’s neurocognitive functions.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study evaluates the association between adopting race-neutral reference equations and spirometry interpretation in children.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses strategies and considerations for moving electronic consultations (eConsults) into mainstream pediatric practice.
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial compares gradual weaning vs immediate brace removal in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes peanut allergy guidelines and the importance of giving peanut protein to young children to prevent development of an allergy.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines variations by state in firearm suicide rates in US children and young adults from 2016 to 2021 using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Read MoreTo the Editor We read the study from Barile et al with great interest. The authors found that ChatGPT version 3.5 incorrectly or incompletely identified the case diagnosis in 83 of 100 pediatric clinical vignettes using the prompt List a differential diagnosis and a final diagnosis. Specifically, 72% of the cases were diagnosed incorrectly, and 11% of the case diagnoses were not adequately specific.
Read MoreIn Reply We would like to sincerely thank Chen and Granet and Rader et al for their thoughtful comments on our research letter and the opportunity to contextualize our work. As noted in their responses, there are several points with our original work that warrant further discussion.
Read MoreThis cohort study evaluates the association between physical fitness and mental disorder risks in children and adolescents in Taiwan.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses how the National Institutes of Health designation of individuals with disabilities as a health disparity population can boost research participation and funding and expand health care access for pediatric patients with disabilities.
Read MoreThis survey study assesses the ability of health care professionals to discern whether abstracts were written by investigators or by an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot.
Read MoreTo the Editor The article from Barile et al assessed the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) across pediatric case studies and raised important points about the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in clinical settings. While critical exploration into this emerging technology is crucial, minor alterations to the study design yield different interpretations of the potential for LLMs to augment pediatric clinical care.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between provision of a relaxation intervention and lactation outcomes.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes what artificial intelligence chatbots are and how they may influence learning among children.
Read MoreIn the Research Letter titled “Frequency and Specificity of Pediatric Health Policy Discussions in Political Campaigns,” published online June 1, 2020, and in the August 2020 issue, there was an error in the Results section. The Cohen κ value was updated to 0.67. This article was corrected online.
Read MoreIntravenous therapy is a mainstay of care for hospitalized patients. In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Charters et al take on the essential investigation of how to improve peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) securement in children, given a failure rate of over 30% for PIVCs secured in the usual way. Not only could improving PIVC securement reduce premature removal and potential traumatic and painful reinsertions, but could result in fewer interruptions and delays to intravenous therapy, improving outcomes such as medication therapy effectiveness, and hospital length of stay.
Read MoreThis study evaluates clinical effectiveness of novel peripheral intravenous catheter securement technologies for children to reduce catheter failure.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes the benefits of eating family meals together at home.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study describes the nationwide pattern of contraception access by sociodemographic characteristics and health care settings among US youth aged 15 to 24 years.
Read MoreThis quality improvement study investigates if a large language model could simulate adolescents’ responses to vaping-prevention campaigns and identify the most effective messages to address the public health crisis of adolescent vaping.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines the mental health burden of adolescents exposed to war during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Read MoreFor a solid 3 years, COVID-19 commandeered academic publishing. Academic submissions, however, at least for now, seem to be a lagging indicator of the pandemic. While society has lurched back toward normalcy, we are still receiving papers trying to make sense of what we have been through retrospectively. In some ways, more recent papers include studies that are more salient. They have longer follow-up, have larger sample sizes, and have evaluated the effects of more recent strains of the virus. But other reports seem out of date or not clinically informative. For example, we still receive many papers about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, even though that syndrome seems to have thankfully and inexplicably largely disappeared. And we still receive papers trying to assess an...
Read MoreThis cohort study analyzes the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Sweden before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic and longitudinal trends in body mass index.
Read MoreWe sincerely thank the 895 peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for JAMA Pediatrics in 2023.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis survey study explores primary care pediatricians’ preparedness to counsel and treat adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) and perceived barriers to prescribing OUD medications.
Read MoreTo the Editor We appreciate reading the work by Jorgensen et al examining associations between maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The authors conducted rigorous analyses of this critical public health issue with a robust sample size. However, there are some limitations to consider.
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial evaluates the use of silver diamine fluoride for reducing the prevalence of dental caries.
Read MoreThis cohort study investigates the longitudinal association between screen time and 3 measures of parent-child talk (adult words, child vocalizations, and conversational turns) when children are 12 to 36 months of age.
Read MoreThis diagnostic study analyzes the validity of an artificial intelligence decision-support tool for the diagnosis of acute otitis media.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes why pediatric clinics ask families about social drivers of health.
Read MoreIn this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Ye et al report an analysis of more than 1 million births in the Greater Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia, revealing a significant association between extreme heat exposure in the third trimester and preterm birth (PTB). Individuals experiencing temperatures over the 95th percentile for their residential location during their third trimester had 61% higher odds of PTB (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.55-1.67). There was no significant association of extreme heat in the other 2 trimesters with PTB. Ye and colleagues also observed significant interaction between heat and greenness on the outcome of PTB; individuals with extreme heat exposure had lower odds of preterm birth if they resided in greener areas (interaction P < .05). We com...
Read MoreThe Original Investigation titled “Varying Doses of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy With Viaskin Milk vs Placebo in Children With Cow’s Milk Allergy: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on February 26, 2024, was corrected to fix some typographical errors in the Methods and Results and to fix the number of participants treated in Figure 1. The article was corrected online.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThe US Food and Drug Administration is the regulator for software applications using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for medical purposes. So far, the Food and Drug Administration has approved 692 such AI/ML-enabled medical devices, most of which are related to radiology or use image processing. Very few of these applications are applicable to pediatrics, and only 2 are specifically designed for use in the ear, nose, and throat domain. The work presented by Shaikh and colleagues in this issue of JAMA Pediatrics is a rare example of carefully developed and highly accurate AI/ML models designed for pediatrics and ear, nose, and throat specialties.
Read MoreThis cohort study investigates the association between well-child data in the first 5 years of life and subsequent kindergarten readiness.
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of alirocumab in pediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes why it is important for children to see their pediatrician for any concern about a reaction to penicillin before a child is considered to have a penicillin allergy.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study evaluates the dose-dependent association between alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use and psychiatric symptoms among participants in the Substance Use and Risk Factor Survey and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
Read MoreTo the Editor The Research Letter by Hahn et al draws an invalid conclusion that the incidence of post–COVID-19 condition (PCC), as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is strikingly low in children. The authors cite an informal summary definition of PCC in their Introduction, then in the Methods section change the definition’s symptom time frame from after 3 months postinfection to within 3 months. The formal WHO definition is concerned with symptoms after 3 months, meaning the research did not study PCC as cited and cannot draw conclusions about PCC.
Read MoreIn Reply We thank Murdoch et al for their interest in our pediatric post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) research. Contrary to their suggestion, we believe our work is consistent with the referenced 2022 and 2023 World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of PCC.
Read MoreThis systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association of physical activity interventions and mental health in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint describes a strategy for addressing major challenges in artificial intelligence in pediatrics to maximize clinical impact.
Read MoreThe Letter to the Editor titled “Definitional and Methodological Study of Pediatric Post–COVID-19 Condition,” published on January 29, 2024, was corrected to revise the title to “Definitional and Methodological Errors in Pediatric Post–COVID-19 Condition Research Letter.”
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis cohort study investigates if use of a 2-stage parent-report autism risk screening tool at 2 years of age is associated with 3-year developmental and behavioral outcomes among infants born very preterm.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint discusses the development of pediatric-specific reporting guidelines that facilitate transparent reporting of published pediatric clinical trials.
Read MoreThe Original Investigation titled “Changes Induced by Early Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Young Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on November 6, 2023, was corrected to fix an error in the Abstract; “This prospective randomized clinical trial (November 2018 to December 2021), including 2 parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation, took place at European university hospitals…” was updated to “This prospective randomized clinical trial (November 2018 to December 2021), including 2 parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation, recruitment took place at European university hospitals…”; in the Key Points, “What is the effect of early Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) intervention on bi...
Read MoreAs the world transitions from COVID-19 pandemic to endemic, influenza continues to adapt and challenge our immune systems and our public health initiatives. Influenza remains an important respiratory illness among all populations, including pregnant persons and infants, who both have increased susceptibility to severe disease. Notably, infants younger than 6 months have the highest hospitalization rate of all children. Maternal influenza vaccination protects expectant persons from illness and its complications as well as infants in the first 6 months of life through transplacental transfer of antibodies. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend inactivated influenza vaccination be administered during the influenza s...
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes high blood pressure in children.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study examines documented hospitalization for influenza and administration of neuraminidase inhibitors in US children.
Read MoreThis cohort study compares outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection with those of influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric patients attending the emergency department.
Read MoreThis cohort study attempts to determine if Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 and Ages and Stages Questionnaire Social-Emotional 2 scores changed during the COVID-19 pandemic among families served by a nurse-visiting program.
Read MoreThis cohort study investigates the association between household health-related social needs in the first 4 months of life and behavioral functioning at 6 months in newborns.
Read MoreThe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could prevent an estimated 94% of HPV-attributable or 36 500 total cancers in the United States each year. Despite this effectiveness, vaccine coverage is lower than other routine adolescent immunizations. In 2022, for the first time since 2013, HPV vaccine series initiation did not increase among adolescents. This concerning finding highlights the need for large-scale measures to support HPV vaccination. Because a majority of vaccination occurs in primary care settings, it makes sense to focus on improving the effectiveness of primary care vaccination efforts. Furthermore, an increasing number of primary care practices are part of health systems. Immunization efforts coordinated at the health system level have the potential to increase HPV vaccine co...
Read MoreThis cohort study uses state inpatient data to assess changes in distance traveled over time for hospitalization of common pediatric conditions in rural-residing children.
Read MoreThis case-control study examines the prevalence of rare de novo and inherited sequence variations among children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and siblings and parents without ADHD.
Read MoreTo the Editor The study by Rider et al identified high rates of depressive symptoms among groups of Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander youth of sexual and gender minority identities who experienced bias-based bullying. We applaud the authors for investigating a vital intersection of pediatric, sexual and gender minority, and mental health. They implemented the χ2 automatic interaction detection technique—a decisional tree approach developed in the 1980s that was foundational to modern-day gradient boosting machine learning techniques used in health care research. Using surveys from California and Minnesota, they found depressive symptoms among the aggregate grouping of Filipinx, Korean, and Japanese youth. As Indigenous Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander ...
Read MoreThe Original Investigation titled “Probiotics, Prebiotics, Lactoferrin, and Combination Products for Prevention of Mortality and Morbidity in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis,” published on November 6, 2023, was corrected to fix 2 errors in the row headings for Figure 3. This article was corrected online.
Read MoreTo the Editor The study by Radel et al on psychotropic medications and polypharmacy among children and adolescents in the US child welfare system warrants discussion. The results reiterate prevailing concerns regarding high prescription rates in this vulnerable population. The notable discrepancy, with 26.25% of youths in the child welfare system prescribed psychotropic medication compared to 9.06% of Medicaid-enrolled youths, underscores a concern in prescription practices. The 13.27% experiencing psychotropic polypharmacy emphasizes a potential overreliance on pharmacologic interventions.
Read MoreThis cross-sectional study of 262 adolescents who discharged firearms in 253 school shootings examined the type, make, and power of firearms involved in school-related gun violence and methods of obtainment of these weapons.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint examines existing systems affecting Latino immigrant families’ access to health care and offers potential policy solutions to promote the health and well-being of Latino immigrant families.
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreThis JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes pediatric weight management according to the obesity guidelines recently published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Read MoreThis randomized clinical trial evaluates the noninferiority of a social care assistance intervention with respect to health care experiences among caregivers of pediatric patients.
Read MoreThis case-control study investigates the association of maternal and infant use of antibiotics and acid suppressants and the risk of developing eosinophilic esophagitis.
Read MoreThis Viewpoint exposes the antiscience and misinformation used to generate skepticism about abusive head trauma in young children, putting this vulnerable population at risk.
Read MoreIn the Research Letter titled “Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2 to 19 Years in the US From 2011 to 2020,” published online first on July 25, 2022, and in the October 2022 issue of JAMA Pediatrics, there was an error in the analyses of the mobile examination clinic (MEC) weights. During the final analysis, the weights were removed so as to include race and ethnicity as a covariate. Per the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, inclusion of the MEC weights is necessary to make the prevalence data nationally representative. To address this error, calculations were performed again to include MEC weights through all stages of the analyses. As a result, the updated analyses resulted in corrections to many of the prevalence rates reported in the text,...
Read MoreThe Original Investigation titled, “Exercise and Insulin Resistance Markers in Children and Adolescents With Excess Weight: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis,” published October 9, 2023, incorrectly listed the Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, as an affiliation for Dr López-Gil. The article has been corrected to remove this affiliation.
Read MoreThe development of safe and effective vaccines against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19 pandemic, was justifiably hailed as a major advance in protecting the population against severe and fatal infection. The vaccine rollout was targeted toward recognized communities at risk, including older adults, those with comorbidities, and those who were immunosuppressed. Pregnant women, and by extension, their infants, were included in these high-risk groups for vaccination. The prioritization of pregnant women was justified from historical observations of disproportionate mortality and morbidity during previous influenza pandemics. For example, during the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, 50% of infected pregnant women died. Despite advances in public health, intensive care, and the...
Read MoreVision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Read MoreOver 200 health journals call on the United Nations, political leaders, and health professionals to recognize that climate change and biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis and must be tackled together to preserve health and avoid catastrophe. This overall environmental crisis is now so severe as to be a global health emergency.
Read MoreThis Patient Page describes safety measures parents can take to protect children from gun violence.
Read MoreThis cohort study assesses bone mineral density after long-term use of gender-affirming hormones among transgender adults who used puberty suppression in adolescence.
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