Oncology & Hematology

The study published in JAMA Oncology by Zhang et al describes the first, to our knowledge, prospective clinical trial dedicated to patients with documented fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) and treated with a combination of a programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) inhibitor (sintilimab) and a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI; axitinib). This open-label phase 2 study, in which 41 patients with genetically and pathologically confirmed FH-deficient RCC were treated with sintilimab, 200 mg, intravenously every 3 weeks and axitinib, 5 mg, orally twice daily revealed an objective response rate of 56% with a median progression-free survival of 19.8 months, rejecting the prespecified null hypotheses. From a safety perspective, the regimen was well tolerated with only 1 patient stopping therapy for treatment-emergent adverse events, while the most common toxicities were mostly asymptomatic and low grade, including proteinuria (63%), hypertriglyceridemia (58%), and hypothyroidism (52%). Fifteen patients (37%) required immunosuppressive agents for immune-related adverse events, mostly grade 1 to 2 rash, and 21% of patients underwent a single dose reduction of axitinib, mostly for grade 1 to 2 palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia. For this recently recognized, underdiagnosed distinct pathologic entity, these results set promising new expectations for treatment and outcomes.

This Viewpoint uses food insecurity among patients with cancer in the US as an example of how oncology practices are addressing gaps in cancer care without the safety net of federal funding.

In the Original Investigation titled “Survival After Fertility-Preserving Hormonal Therapy vs Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer,” published online on August 28, 2025, and in the October 2025 issue, the curves shown in Figure 2 were incorrectly labeled. The orange curve in each panel should be labeled as “Primary hysterectomy,” and the blue curve should be labeled “Primary hormonal therapy.” This article has been corrected online.

A 78-year-old man with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancers presented with left-sided upper and lower facial weakness. What is your diagnosis?

In Reply We thank Huang and appreciate the opportunity to clarify the methodological points raised on our recent article.

In Reply We thank Burus et al for their thoughtful letter regarding our article on lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake following the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guideline updates. Their comments highlight important methodological considerations when using cross-sectional self-reported data such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

This nonrandomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus axitinib for treatment of advanced fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cell carcinoma.

This genetic association study evaluates the association between rare pathogenic variants in 16 genes and the odds of having at least 1 of 11 common cancer diagnoses.

I’ve made it to the 25th grade but I’m still learning. You’ll find me searching for the textbook that explains how to tell a child that they’re dying or what to say to their parents at their funeral. Where’s the manual for this heartbreak?

This cohort study assesses the safety of omitting axillary therapy determined by a radioactive iodine seed protocol in patients with node-positive breast cancer who experienced pathologic complete response after primary systemic treatment.

This cohort study assesses the long-term survival of premenopausal women with clinical stage I endometrial cancer treated with fertility-preserving hormonal therapy.

Many patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) now have limited axillary surgery (LAS) at the time of breast surgery, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or various types of targeted removal of nodes shown to be involved on pretreatment percutaneous biopsy results. Diagnostic success rates and accuracy of these different procedures have recently been reviewed elsewhere. However, although LAS has demonstrated substantially lower morbidity than axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), there is substantial controversy regarding whether patients with involved lymph nodes can be adequately treated with radiation therapy alone, with or without additional systemic therapy.

This Viewpoint discusses whether intensive treatment is always necessary from the outset in patients with metachronous, low-volume disease.

JAMA Oncology is committed to publishing influential original research, opinions, and reviews that advance the science of oncology and improve the clinical care of patients with cancer.

This cross-sectional study aims to quantify awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV vaccine, and its association with cancer across 50 states and Washington, DC.

This Viewpoint discusses eroding trust in medicine due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ease of obtaining medical information online and offers strategies to help rebuild trust.

To the Editor Rolle et al reported an increase in lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake among eligible individuals following updates to the US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines in 2021. This study addressed an important question concerning the impact of these changes on early detection of a deadly cancer. We have serious methodological concerns about this finding, however, related to how the authors used publicly available Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. First, there was a lack of comparability on questions necessary to assess LCS uptake across different years. Prior to 2022, one question was used to determine past year lung computed tomographic (CT) scans. Three, more detailed questions were used starting in 2022, creating differences in the likelihood of misclassification error between time periods. Second, all individuals 80 years or older were assigned the age of 80 years in the publicly available BRFSS datasets, limiting the ability to accurately identify age eligibility for LCS. Finally, equally weighting survey years leads to overrepresentation of certain states and years. All states asked LCS questions in 2022, but only 20 states in 2019, 5 states in 2020, and 7 states in 2023.

Women with breast cancer and overweight or obesity have poorer outcomes, including lower overall survival, disease-free survival, and higher recurrence rates, compared with women with lighter weights. A 2023 meta-analysis of 39 observational studies showed that for each 5 mg/kg2 increase in body mass index (BMI), breast cancer–specific mortality rose by 10% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10 [95% CI, 1.06-1.14]) and recurrence risk rose by 5% (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03-1.08]) An earlier meta-analysis of 27 studies concluded that disease-free survival and overall survival are worse for women with obesity in all breast cancer subtypes studied (hormone receptor–positive/ERBB2-negative, ERBB2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancers), while overweight was not statistically significantly associated with prognosis. Meta-analyses of observational studies have also found that increased physical activity is associated with reduced breast cancer mortality and recurrence. Despite the large literature showing adverse associations of overweight and obesity on breast cancer prognosis, little is known about weight loss effects in this population.

This network meta-analysis compares the health-related quality-of-life effects of different first-line treatments for unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma while considering treatment-induced survival outcomes.

This prognostic study characterizes the incidence of chronic kidney disease after cisplatin treatment and evaluates prediction models.

This systematic review examines the global distribution of childhood cancer survivorship research, including country of origin and study focus.

This retrospective cohort study examines whether taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is associated with increased risk of different cancers among patients with obesity.

To the Editor I read with great interest the article by Yeh and colleagues on accelerated aging among survivors of childhood cancer. Their work offers an important step forward in modeling long-term morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. However, several methodological omissions merit consideration to strengthen the validity and interpretability of the findings.

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial assesses weight changes after 1 year of a telephone-based weight loss intervention in women with stage II to III breast cancer.

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of bacterial decolonization with mupirocin nasal ointment in alleviating severe acute radiation oral mucositis during radiotherapy.

This Viewpoint describes available and emerging approaches for prevention and detection of ovarian cancer.

This systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis assesses the cancer-related and survival outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients with advanced-stage cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

In the Invited Commentary titled “A Breakthrough From China in a Rare Form of Kidney Cancer,” published online on August 14, 2025, and in the October 2025 issue, there was an error in the text. In the first paragraph, the dose of sintilimab is 200 mg, rather than 300 mg. This article was corrected online.